48 Volume 85 • Number 5 A D VANC EME N T O F T H E PRACTICE U.S. EPA is currently revisiting six di erent lead standards or guidance that a ect lead levels in dust, soil, water, aviation fuel, and paint. For this multimedia contaminant, however, collaborations are critical to ensuring success. U.S. EPA and its fellow agencies are working to eliminate this preventable environmental health hazards (Breysse et al., 2022). We will continue to provide tools and data so environmental health practitioners at the local level can identify and remediate remaining environmental lead sources in the places where we live, work, learn, and play (Figure 2). Corresponding Author: Andrew M Geller, Senior Science Advisor, Immediate Office of the Assistant Administrator, Oce of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Mail Code D305-01, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Email: geller.andrew@epa.gov. References Bradham, K.D., Diamond, G.L., Nelson, C.M., Noerpel, M., Scheckel, K.G., Elek, B., Chaney, R.L., Ma, Q., & Thomas, D.J. (2018). Long-term in situ reduction in soil lead bioavailability measured in a mouse model. Environmental Science & Technology, 52(23), 13908–13913. https://doi. org/10.1021/acs.est.8b04684 Bradham, K.D., Green, W., Hayes, H., Nelson, C., Alava, P., Misenheimer, J., Diamond, G.L., Thayer, W.C., & Thomas, D.J. (2016). Estimating relative bioavailability of soil lead in the mouse. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 79(24), 1179–1182. https://doi.org/10.1080/15287 394.2016.1221789 Bradham, K.D., Nelson, C.M., Kelly, J., Pomales, A., Scruton, K., Dignam, T., Misenheimer, J.C., Li, K., Obenour, D.R., & Thomas, D.J. (2017). Relationship between total and bioaccessible lead on children’s blood lead levels in urban residential Philadelphia soils. Environmental Science & Technology, 51(17), 10005–10011. https:// doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b02058 Breysse, P.N., Cascio, W.E., Geller, A.M., Choiniere, C.J., & Ammon, M. (in press). Targeting coordinated federal e orts to address persistent hazardous exposures to lead. American Journal of Public Health. Cornwell, D.A., Brown, R.A., & Via, S.H. (2016). National survey of lead service line occurrence. Journal–American Water Works Association, 108(4), E182–E191. https:// doi.org/10.5942/jawwa.2016.108.0086 Doré, E., Formal, C., Muhlen, C., Williams, D., Harmon, S., Pham, M., Triantafyllidou, S., & Lytle, D.A. (2021). E ectiveness of point-of-use and pitcher filters at removing lead phosphate nanoparticles from drinking water. Water Research, 201, Article 117285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. watres.2021.117285 Doré, E., Lytle, D.A., Wasserstrom, L., Swertfeger, J., & Triantafyllidou, S. (2020). Field analyzers for lead quantification in drinking water samples. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 51(20), 2357–2388. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643 389.2020.1782654 Egan, K.B., Cornwell, C.R., Courtney, J.G., & Ettinger, A.S. (2021). Blood lead levels in U.S. children ages 1–11 years, 1976–2016. Environmental Health Perspectives, 129(3), Article 037003. https://doi.org/10.1289/ EHP7932 Examples of Where Lead Is Present and Regulated Where We Live, Work, Learn, and Play Science from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency supports further regulation and remediation of lead levels in dust, soil, paint, water, and air. Reducing lead exposure in all these environments requires partnerships among federal, state, tribal, and local governments and community-based organizations. FIGURE 2 Drinking Water Air Industry e.g., 6melters, /ead Acid Battery 0anufacturers Food, Dishes, Cookware, 8tensils Worker Protection, :orkplace (xposure, 7ake-+ome /ead 3HGLDWULF CDUH BORRG /HDG 7HVWLQJ DXVW 3DLQW 6RLO Schools and Childcare Aviation )uel (Airports) Consumer Products e.g., Children’s 3roducts, Cosmetics, -ewelry /HDG 6HUYLFH /LQH *RRVHQHFN 3OXPELQJ )L[WXUHV Soil 5esidential, Agricultural, ,ndustrial, 0ine :aste, Superfund 6LWHV
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